1.OSM数据下载

下载就不多说了，去官网地址OpenStreetMaphttps://www.openstreetmap.org/需要登陆账号，没有的自己注册下，登录后如下，手动选择想要下载的区域，不能太大，否则无法下载

 下载好后的文件是map.osm数据

2.OSM数据转化

这里用gdal来转化，参考链接：Vector Layers — Python GDAL/OGR Cookbook 1.0 documentationhttps://pcjericks.github.io/py-gdalogr-cookbook/vector_layers.html

import os
from osgeo import ogr,osr

driver=ogr.GetDriverByName('OSM')
data = driver.Open('./map.osm')
# layer = data.GetLayer('points')
layer = data.GetLayer(1) #0 points 1 line 2 multiline 3polygone

# Save extent to a new Shapefile
outShapefile = "./data_line2.shp"
outDriver = ogr.GetDriverByName("ESRI Shapefile")

# Remove output shapefile if it already exists
if os.path.exists(outShapefile):
    outDriver.DeleteDataSource(outShapefile)

# Create the output shapefile
outDataSource = outDriver.CreateDataSource(outShapefile)

srs = osr.SpatialReference()
srs.ImportFromEPSG(4326)

out_layer = outDataSource.CreateLayer(outShapefile, srs, geom_type=ogr.wkbLineString) 
#ogr.wkbPoint, ogr.wkbMultiPoint, ogr.wkbLineString, ogr.wkbMultiLineString, ogr.wkbLinearRing, ogr.wkbPolygon, ogr.wkbMultiPolygon


for feat in layer:
    out_feat = ogr.Feature(out_layer.GetLayerDefn())
    out_feat.SetGeometry(feat.GetGeometryRef().Clone())
    out_layer.CreateFeature(out_feat)
    out_feat = None
    out_layer.SyncToDisk()

inDataSource = None
outDataSource = None

注意：

layer = data.GetLayer(1) # 0 points 1 line 2 multiline 3polygone

因为一块区域的OSM数据包含了多种数据，点、线、面，所以上面的数字代表了不同的图层，根据自己的需要来获取，上面这句代码和下面这句代码的类型要对应

out_layer = outDataSource.CreateLayer(outShapefile, srs, geom_type=ogr.wkbLineString) 
#ogr.wkbPoint, ogr.wkbMultiPoint, ogr.wkbLineString, ogr.wkbMultiLineString, ogr.wkbLinearRing, ogr.wkbPolygon, ogr.wkbMultiPolygon

结果：