在上一篇文章“ODA模拟器实验系列之二：部署ODA”中，我们已经成功部署了ODA，并创建了数据库。

本文进入第二个实验：管理数据库。实验中一些常用信息如下：

• ODA管理员用户名：odaadmin
• ODA管理员口令：WELcome12##
• ODA控制台URL：https://ODA模拟器IP:7095/mgmt/index.html

我们使用的是19.25版的ODA Simulator，本文参考的文档见这里。

步骤 1 - 使用 BUI 创建新数据库

选择“Create a Database”：

指定数据库配置。注意DB Name不能超过8字节，Shape只能下拉选择，CPU Pool Name暂无，不过不是必选项。

由于尚未更新，DB Version目前只能选择19.24。

透明数据加密暂不启用：

单击“Create”按钮。过一会，可以看到创建成功的数据库ORCLCDB1：

步骤 2 - 使用 CLI 查看数据库和数据库主目录

命令行查看数据库：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-databases
ID                                       DB Name    DB Type  DB Version           CDB     Class    Edition  Shape    Storage  Status       DB Home ID         
---------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ----------------------------------------
212988ed-b411-4450-a026-8db57a144922     orcl       SI       19.24.0.0.240716     true    OLTP     EE       odb1     ASM      CONFIGURED   4eb55da4-5f3c-4975-bc1c-6d4c0d1c7528
ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7     ORCLCDB1   SI       19.24.0.0.240716     true    OLTP     EE       odb1     ASM      CONFIGURED   50990791-7931-4ecc-938c-9f2bd46278f1

查看数据库详情：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli describe-database -i ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7
Database details
----------------------------------------------------------------
                     ID: ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7
            Description: ORCLCDB1
                DB Name: ORCLCDB1
             DB Version: 19.24.0.0.240716
                DB Type: SI
                DB Role: PRIMARY
    DB Target Node Name: node_0
             DB Edition: EE
                   DBID:
 Instance Only Database: false
                    CDB: true
               PDB Name: orclpdb1
    PDB Admin User Name: pdbadmin
      High Availability: false
                  Class: OLTP
                  Shape: odb1
                Storage: ASM
          DB Redundancy: MIRROR
           CharacterSet: AL32UTF8
  National CharacterSet: AL16UTF16
               Language: AMERICAN
              Territory: AMERICA
                Home ID: 50990791-7931-4ecc-938c-9f2bd46278f1
        Console Enabled: false
  TDE Wallet Management:
            TDE Enabled: false
     Level 0 Backup Day: sunday
     AutoBackup Enabled: false
                Created: March 12, 2025 8:01:24 AM UTC
         DB Domain Name: oracle.com
    Associated Networks:
          CPU Pool Name:

步骤 3 - 删除数据库

命令行如下，这是一个异步的操作：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli delete-database -i ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7
## 或者
## odacli delete-database --name ORCLCDB1
{
  "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
  "status" : "Running",
  "message" : "",
  "reports" : [ {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7441",
    "taskName" : "Validate DB ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7 for deletion",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:33 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:33 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.14",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:33 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7455",
    "taskName" : "Deleting the RMAN logs",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.11",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7457",
    "taskName" : "Database Deletion",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.15",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7459",
    "taskName" : "Unregister DB From Cluster",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.18",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7461",
    "taskName" : "Kill PMON Process",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.13",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7463",
    "taskName" : "Database Files Deletion",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.13",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  }, {
    "taskId" : "TaskDcsJsonRpcExt_7479",
    "taskName" : "Delete File Groups of Database ORCLCDB1",
    "nodeName" : "odasim-1",
    "taskResult" : "OK",
    "startTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "endTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC",
    "duration" : "00:00:00.12",
    "status" : "Success",
    "taskDescription" : null,
    "parentTaskId" : "TaskSequential_7439",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "tags" : [ ],
    "reportLevel" : "Info",
    "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:34 UTC"
  } ],
  "createTimestamp" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:33 UTC",
  "resourceList" : [ {
    "resourceId" : "ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7",
    "resourceType" : null,
    "resourceNewType" : "Db",
    "jobId" : "871d10b8-562a-4276-8982-c21b4ac68b55",
    "updatedTime" : null
  } ],
  "description" : "Database service deletion with DB name: ORCLCDB1 with ID : ac00e3cc-439c-4b75-b7f8-85c3cfa2fbe7",
  "updatedTime" : "March 12, 2025 08:07:33 UTC",
  "jobType" : null,
  "cpsMetadata" : null
}

当然，图形界面也可以删。

确认已删：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-databases
ID                                       DB Name    DB Type  DB Version           CDB     Class    Edition  Shape    Storage  Status       DB Home ID         
---------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ----------------------------------------
212988ed-b411-4450-a026-8db57a144922     orcl       SI       19.24.0.0.240716     true    OLTP     EE       odb1     ASM      CONFIGURED   4eb55da4-5f3c-4975-bc1c-6d4c0d1c7528

步骤 4 - 使用 CLI 创建数据库

最简单的命令行，只需要输入SYS和SYSTEM的口令：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli create-database -n db3 -v 19.24.0.0.240716
Job details
----------------------------------------------------------------
                     ID:  78ccfa05-168b-46de-a175-4facd2d5de4a
            Description:  Database service creation with DB name: db3
                 Status:  Created
                Created:  March 12, 2025 08:11:41 UTC
                Message:

Task Name                                Start Time                               End Time                                 Status
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------

这是一个异步的任务，可以查询其运行状态：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli describe-job -i 78ccfa05-168b-46de-a175-4facd2d5de4a
Enter your ODA account username:odaadmin
Enter your ODA account password:

Job details
----------------------------------------------------------------
                     ID:  78ccfa05-168b-46de-a175-4facd2d5de4a
            Description:  Database service creation with DB name: db3
                 Status:  Success
                Created:  March 12, 2025 08:11:41 UTC
                Message:

Task Name                                Start Time                               End Time                                 Status
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------
Validating dbHome available space        March 12, 2025 08:11:41 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:41 UTC              Success
Setting up SSH equivalence               March 12, 2025 08:11:42 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:42 UTC              Success
Setting up SSH equivalence               March 12, 2025 08:11:42 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:42 UTC              Success
Creating ACFS database home              March 12, 2025 08:11:42 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Validating dbHome available space        March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Configuring user access to ACFS DBHome   March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
base storage
Creating DbHome Directory                March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Extract DB clones                        March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Clone Db home                            March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Enable DB options                        March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Run Root DB scripts                      March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Creating wallet for DB Client            March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:43 UTC              Success
Configuring Net Security                 March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Configuring user access to ACFS          March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
filesystems for db3
Database Service creation                March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Database Creation                        March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Change permission for xdb wallet files   March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Place SnapshotCtrlFile in sharedLoc      March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
SqlPatch upgrade                         March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Running dbms_stats init_package          March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Set log_archive_dest for Database        March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Updating the Database version            March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Create Users tablespace                  March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:44 UTC              Success
Clear all listeners from Database        March 12, 2025 08:11:45 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:11:45 UTC              Success

在实际设备中，此命令将在后台运行一项作业约 40 分钟。与 GUI 一样，您可以选择监视进度，但 Linux 提示会立即返回。由于这是一个模拟，您应该几乎立即看到新的数据库和主目录。使用以下 odacli 命令验证新数据库的创建：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-databases
ID                                       DB Name    DB Type  DB Version           CDB     Class    Edition  Shape    Storage  Status       DB Home ID         
---------------------------------------- ---------- -------- -------------------- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ----------------------------------------
212988ed-b411-4450-a026-8db57a144922     orcl       SI       19.24.0.0.240716     true    OLTP     EE       odb1     ASM      CONFIGURED   4eb55da4-5f3c-4975-bc1c-6d4c0d1c7528
65ed3b11-c93f-4c40-b8d7-b3df06d048ed     db3        SI       19.24.0.0.240716     false   OLTP     EE       odb1     ASM      CONFIGURED   4b9b51a9-8702-4c1b-a7db-f298e0b08903

步骤 5 - 删除并重新创建数据库

这个实验就是步骤3+步骤4，此略。

步骤 6 - 为数据库创建 CPU 池

您可以为裸机数据库创建CPU池，以提高数据库的CPU资源管理和服务质量。

所谓裸机数据库，指没有启用KVM虚拟化的ODA。ODA也支持虚拟机数据库。

确认创建成功：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-cpupools
Name                  Type                Configured on              Cores  Associated resources            Created                   Updated
--------------------  ------------------  -------------------------  -----  ------------------------------  ------------------------  ------------------------
cpupool1              BM                  scaoda8s008                2      NONE                            2025-03-12 08:20:26 UTC   2025-03-12 08:20:26 UTC

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-cpucores


Node  Cores  Modified                           Job Status
----- ------ ---------------------------------- ---------------
0     16     October 29, 2024 5:33:33 AM UTC    CONFIGURED

步骤 7 - 删除数据库主目录

看来，每一个数据库都有自己的Database Home。

在上图中，中间那个Database Home下是没有数据库的。也就是说，删除数据库时是不删除Database Home的。

如果Database Home下有数据库，删除是不允许的：

以下使用命令行查看和删除Database Home：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-dbhomes
ID                                       Name                 DB Version           DB Edition Home Location                                            Status 
---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------
4eb55da4-5f3c-4975-bc1c-6d4c0d1c7528     OraDB19000_home1     19.24.0.0.240716     EE         /u01/app/odaorahomebase/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1 CONFIGURED
50990791-7931-4ecc-938c-9f2bd46278f1     OraDB19000_home2     19.24.0.0.240716     EE         /u01/app/odaorahomebase/odaadmin/product/19.0.0          CONFIGURED
                                                                                              .0/dbhome_2                                                     
4b9b51a9-8702-4c1b-a7db-f298e0b08903     OraDB19000_home3     19.24.0.0.240716     EE         /u01/app/odaorahomebase/odaadmin/product/19.0.0          CONFIGURED

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli delete-dbhome --name OraDB19000_home2

Job details
----------------------------------------------------------------
                     ID:  1a378367-d85e-4053-b110-1de33641b612
            Description:  Database Home OraDB19000_home2 Deletion with ID 50990791-7931-4ecc-938c-9f2bd46278f1
                 Status:  Running
                Created:  March 12, 2025 08:34:19 UTC
                Message:

Task Name                                Start Time                               End Time                                 Status
---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------
Validate DB Home                         March 12, 2025 08:34:20 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:34:20 UTC              Success
50990791-7931-4ecc-938c-9f2bd46278f1
for deletion
Setting up SSH equivalence               March 12, 2025 08:34:20 UTC              March 12, 2025 08:34:20 UTC              Success
Setting up SSH equivalence               March 12, 2025 08:34:20 UTC                                                       Running

确认已删：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-dbhomes

ID                                       Name                 DB Version           DB Edition Home Location                                            Status 
---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------- ----------
4eb55da4-5f3c-4975-bc1c-6d4c0d1c7528     OraDB19000_home1     19.24.0.0.240716     EE         /u01/app/odaorahomebase/oracle/product/19.0.0.0/dbhome_1 CONFIGURED
4b9b51a9-8702-4c1b-a7db-f298e0b08903     OraDB19000_home3     19.24.0.0.240716     EE         /u01/app/odaorahomebase/odaadmin/product/19.0.0          CONFIGURED

步骤 8 - 在本地磁盘、外部 NFS 存储或 Oracle Cloud 上创建数据库备份

在 Oracle Database Appliance 上备份和恢复 Oracle 数据库涉及两个简单步骤：创建备份策略并将备份策略附加到数据库。

要备份到外部 NFS 存储，您必须先创建 NFS 挂载点。

要备份到 Oracle Cloud，您必须先获取并创建对象存储凭据。会创建一个默认备份策略，但除非您明确修改数据库并附加该策略，否则它不会与数据库关联。

默认的，基于磁盘的备份策略/配置已创建：

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli list-backupconfigs

ID                                       Name                 RecoveryWindow   CrosscheckEnabled   BackupDestination
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------- --------------------
5153a1eb-a033-4b7a-9961-40125c52f000     default              7                true                Disk

[root@odasim-1 /]# odacli describe-backupconfig --name default

Backup Config details
----------------------------------------------------------------
                     ID: 5153a1eb-a033-4b7a-9961-40125c52f000
                   Name: default
       BackupconfigType: Database
      CrosscheckEnabled: true
         RecoveryWindow: 7
      BackupDestination: Disk
         BackupLocation: Fast Recovery Area
      TDEBackupLocation:
     CompressionEnabled: true
   CompressionAlgorithm: BASIC
          ObjectStoreId:
            CreatedTime: March 12, 2025 7:14:33 AM UTC
            UpdatedTime: March 12, 2025 7:14:37 AM UTC

创建一个备份到NFS的备份策略：

创建失败：

DCS-10013: Input parameter 'BackupLocation' contains unacceptable value: /u03/app/oracle/oradata/nfs_backup. Directory: /u03/app/oracle/oradata/nfs_backup is not accessible to odaadmin user.

没找到原因，暂忽略。毕竟有一个默认的备份策略。

数据库关联备份策略，顺便把CPU Pool也指定了。选定某一数据库，邮件单击Modify即可。

确认：

至此，实验“管理数据库”已完成。