mac添加应用程序到启动台

Some apps, like Dropbox and Steam, will ask to “control this computer using accessibility features.” But what the heck does that even mean?

某些应用程序(例如Dropbox和Steam)将要求“使用辅助功能控制这台计算机”。 但这到底意味着什么？

The wording is confusing, to say that least. What does this permission actually grant? Basically, this gives the app in question the ability to control other programs. Apple outlines their advice here:

至少可以这样说，这令人困惑。 此权限实际上授予了什么？ 基本上，这使有问题的应用可以控制其他程序。 苹果在这里概述了他们的建议：

If you’re familiar with an app, you can authorize it by clicking Open System Preferences in the alert, then selecting the checkbox for the app in the Privacy pane. If you’re unfamiliar with an app or you don’t want to give it access to your Mac at that time, click Deny in the alert.

如果您熟悉某个应用程序，则可以通过单击警报中的“打开系统偏好设置”，然后在“隐私”窗格中选中该应用程序的复选框来对其进行授权。 如果您不熟悉某个应用程序，或者不想当时让其访问Mac，请在警报中单击“拒绝”。

But that just leaves more questions. Why do you have to give this permission at all? What does giving this permission mean—will such applications really “control this computer”? And why is this called “Accessibility” access, instead of just system access? Let’s break this down.

但这只剩下更多的问题。 为什么您必须完全授予此权限？ 授予此权限是什么意思-这样的应用程序会真正“控制此计算机”吗？ 为什么将这种访问称为“可访问性”访问，而不仅仅是系统访问？ 让我们分解一下。

为什么我必须这样做？ (Why Do I Have to Do This?)

The process of enabling Accessibility Settings is a bit convoluted. You need to open System Preferences, then head to Security & Privacy > Privacy > Accessibility. From there you need to click the lock icon in the bottom-left corner, enter you password, and only then can you grant your application access.

启用辅助功能设置的过程有些复杂。 您需要打开系统偏好设置，然后转到安全和隐私>隐私>可访问性。 从那里，您需要单击左下角的锁定图标，输入密码，然后才能授予您的应用程序访问权限。

So why do you have to do this? The answer, in short, is to protect your security.

那么，为什么要这样做呢？ 简而言之，答案是保护您的安全。

By default, Mac apps are self-contained, and can’t change the way you interact with the system or other applications. This is a very good thing. It prevents sketchy things from happening, like games you’ve downloaded logging your keystrokes or malware clicking buttons in your browser.

默认情况下，Mac应用程序是独立的，不能更改您与系统或其他应用程序进行交互的方式。 这是一件非常好的事情。 它可以防止发生粗略的事情，例如您下载的游戏记录了击键或浏览器中的恶意软件单击按钮。

But some applications need to control other applications to offer particular features. Steam, for example, likes to offer an overlay on top of games; it needs accessibility access to do that. Dropbox likes to overlay a badge over Microsoft Office applications; it needs accessibility access to do that.

但是某些应用程序需要控制其他应用程序以提供特定功能。 例如，Steam喜欢在游戏之上提供覆盖。 它需要访问权限才能做到这一点。 Dropbox喜欢在Microsoft Office应用程序上覆盖徽章。 它需要访问权限才能做到这一点。

Other applications depend on Accessibility access to fulfill their basic premise. Bartender, for example, can re-arrange and remove your Mac menu bar items, but it needs accessibility access to do that. BetterTouchTool can unlock powerful gesture controls in macOS, but it needs accessibility access as well.

其他应用程序依赖于可访问性访问来满足其基本前提。 例如， Bartender可以重新排列和删除Mac菜单栏项目，但是它需要具有辅助功能。 BetterTouchTool可以在macOS中解锁功能强大的手势控件，但它也需要可访问性访问。

You wouldn’t want to live in a world where any application can do these things, without even asking you for permission. Granting accessibility access, though, allows programs you trust to control other applications and your system.

您不希望生活在任何应用程序都可以做这些事情而无需征求您许可的情况下。 但是，授予可访问性访问权限后，您可以信任的程序可以控制其他应用程序和系统。

为什么将此称为“可访问性”访问？ (Why Is This Called “Accessibility” Access?)

None of our examples so far, you may have noticed, have much of anything to do with “accessibility,” as the term is often used. So why does the feature have this name?

您可能已经注意到，到目前为止，我们没有一个示例与“可访问性”有很多关系，因为该术语经常被使用。 那么，为什么该功能具有此名称？

In part, it uses this name because multiple accessibility applications need access to these features in order to function. For example: applications that allow people to control their Mac using only voice commands need accessibility access in order to take control of other applications. Text-to-speech applications need this permission in order to read the text in other applications. Applications that send text to braille readers need this permission in order to function.

之所以使用此名称，是因为多个可访问性应用程序需要访问这些功能才能起作用。 例如：允许人们仅使用语音命令控制Mac的应用程序需要可访问性访问才能控制其他应用程序。 文本语音转换应用程序需要此权限才能读取其他应用程序中的文本。 向盲文阅读器发送文本的应用程序需要具有此权限才能运行。

For people with disabilities, these applications are all vital to using a Mac. It just so happens that the permissions needed by such programs are also needed by non-accessibility applications like Steam and Dropbox.

对于残疾人来说，这些应用程序对于使用Mac都是至关重要的。 碰巧的是，诸如Steam和Dropbox之类的不可访问性应用程序也需要此类程序所需的权限。

应用程序无法跳过这些步骤吗？ (Can’t Applications Skip These Steps?)

You might be wondering: why don’t applications just skip the unnecessary step of sending users into the System Preferences, and just add themselves to the list while you’re installing?

您可能想知道：为什么应用程序不只是跳过不必要的步骤，即将用户发送到“系统偏好设置”中，而只是在安装时将自己添加到列表中？

Well, that’d be a huge security risk. If Dropbox can add itself to the Accessibility access list without asking you, so can any Mac malware that wants to take control of the system. Requiring you to open System Preferences, enter your password, and check the app ensures that access is only granted if that’s what you actually want.

好吧，那将是巨大的安全风险。 如果Dropbox可以不要求您将自身添加到“辅助功能”访问列表中，那么任何想要控制系统的Mac恶意软件也可以。 要求您打开“系统偏好设置”，输入密码，然后检查应用程序，以确保仅在您实际需要的时候才授予访问权限。

Speaking of Dropbox: they worked around this requirement for a little while, by exploiting an undocumented vulnerability to add themselves to the list. No, seriously: Dropbox briefly acted like malware.

说到Dropbox：他们利用未记录的漏洞将自己添加到列表中，从而解决了这一要求一段时间。 不，是认真的：Dropbox短暂地表现像恶意软件。

Dropbox claimed there was nothing wrong with all this; security experts disagreed. So did Apple, who eventually patched the loophole Dropbox was using to add themselves to this list.

Dropbox声称这一切都没有错； 安全专家不同意。 最终修补漏洞的Dropbox用来将自己添加到此列表的Apple也是如此。

These days, Dropbox behaves itself, and asks for permission. So should most apps. But there’s always a chance that some program, or even malware, has weaseled it’s way back in, so be sure to check your Accessibility access list from time to time, removing things you don’t recognize.

如今，Dropbox会表现自己，并要求获得许可。 大多数应用程序也应该如此。 但是，某些程序甚至恶意软件总是有可能将其重新引入，因此请确保不时检查您的辅助功能访问列表，以删除您不认识的内容。

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/297083/why-do-some-mac-apps-need-to-control-this-computer-using-accessibility-features/

mac添加应用程序到启动台