Anaconda安装

1. M芯片下载AnaConda

https://www.anaconda.com/download
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在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述
安装完成

在这里插入图片描述
conda的版本是24.1.2

2. 为什么要安装AnaConda

  • 多环境共存，多个环境相互隔离
  • ⽅便安装和管理包依赖
  • ⽀持多平台，如 Windows、Mac OS 和 Linux

3. AnaConda与Miniconda区别

在这里插入图片描述

4. 在Windows系统配置环境变量

这里我使用的是mac，会直接配置到环境变量，而Windows需要自己操作。

  1. 打开环境变量：
    • 在 Windows 10 和 Windows 11 中，右键点击 此电脑 或 计算机，然后选择 属性
    • 点击左侧的 ⾼级系统设置。
    • 在弹出的窗⼝中，点击 环境变量 按钮。
  2. 编辑Path变量
    • 在 系统变量 部分，找到 Path 变量，选择它并点击 编辑
    • 点击 新建，然后添加以下两个路径：
      • D:\miniconda3\Scripts 这里填你的安装路径
      • D:\miniconda3 这里填你的安装路径
  3. 验证是否添加成功：
C:\Users\Administrator>conda --version
conda 25.1.1

5. 常用命令

5.1 创建新环境

  1. 使⽤ conda create 命令来创建⼀个新的虚拟环境。例如，创建⼀个 Python 3.8 环境：
conda create --name myenv python=3.8

(base) ➜  Documents conda create --name myenv python=3.8
Channels:
 - defaults
Platform: osx-arm64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv

  added / updated specs:
    - python=3.8


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    ca-certificates-2025.12.2  |       hca03da5_0         125 KB
    libcxx-21.1.8              |       hb4ce287_0         308 KB
    libffi-3.4.4               |       hca03da5_1         120 KB
    libzlib-1.3.1              |       h5f15de7_0          47 KB
    ncurses-6.5                |       hee39554_0         886 KB
    openssl-3.0.19             |       ha0b305a_0         3.1 MB
    pip-24.2                   |   py38hca03da5_0         2.2 MB
    python-3.8.20              |       hb885b13_0        12.5 MB
    readline-8.3               |       h0b18652_0         464 KB
    setuptools-75.1.0          |   py38hca03da5_0         1.6 MB
    sqlite-3.51.1              |       hab6afd1_0         1.1 MB
    tk-8.6.15                  |       hcd8a7d5_0         3.3 MB
    wheel-0.44.0               |   py38hca03da5_0         110 KB
    xz-5.6.4                   |       h80987f9_1         289 KB
    zlib-1.3.1                 |       h5f15de7_0          77 KB
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        26.3 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  ca-certificates    pkgs/main/osx-arm64::ca-certificates-2025.12.2-hca03da5_0
  libcxx             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libcxx-21.1.8-hb4ce287_0
  libffi             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libffi-3.4.4-hca03da5_1
  libzlib            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libzlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0
  ncurses            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::ncurses-6.5-hee39554_0
  openssl            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::openssl-3.0.19-ha0b305a_0
  pip                pkgs/main/osx-arm64::pip-24.2-py38hca03da5_0
  python             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::python-3.8.20-hb885b13_0
  readline           pkgs/main/osx-arm64::readline-8.3-h0b18652_0
  setuptools         pkgs/main/osx-arm64::setuptools-75.1.0-py38hca03da5_0
  sqlite             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::sqlite-3.51.1-hab6afd1_0
  tk                 pkgs/main/osx-arm64::tk-8.6.15-hcd8a7d5_0
  wheel              pkgs/main/osx-arm64::wheel-0.44.0-py38hca03da5_0
  xz                 pkgs/main/osx-arm64::xz-5.6.4-h80987f9_1
  zlib               pkgs/main/osx-arm64::zlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0


Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages:

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate myenv
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate
  1. 可以同时指定其他依赖包（例如，安装 numpy 和 pandas ）：
conda create --name myenv python=3.8 numpy pandas
  1. 激活环境
(base) ➜  Documents conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /opt/anaconda3
myenv                    /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv
myenv1                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv1
myenv2                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv2
myenv3                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv3

(base) ➜  Documents conda activate myenv
(myenv) ➜  Documents  python
Python 3.8.20 (default, Oct  3 2024, 10:22:23)
[Clang 14.0.6 ] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

5.2 切换环境

  1. 切换环境 就是直接通过conda activate xxx
(base) ➜  Documents conda activate myenv
(myenv) ➜  Documents  python
Python 3.8.20 (default, Oct  3 2024, 10:22:23)
[Clang 14.0.6 ] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
KeyboardInterrupt
>>>
KeyboardInterrupt
>>> exit
Use exit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit
>>> exit()
(myenv) ➜  Documents conda activate myenv1
(myenv1) ➜  Documents
  1. 退出环境 conda deactivate
(myenv1) ➜  Documents conda deactivate
(myenv) ➜  Documents conda deactivate
(base) ➜  Documents conda deactivate

5.3 删除环境

  1. 删除环境
conda remove --name xxx --all


(myenv) ➜  Documents conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /opt/anaconda3
myenv                 *  /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv
myenv1                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv1
myenv2                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv2
myenv3                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv3

(myenv) ➜  Documents conda remove --name myenv3 --all

Remove all packages in environment /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv3:


## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv3


The following packages will be REMOVED:

  blas-1.0-openblas
  bottleneck-1.3.7-py38hbda83bc_0
  ca-certificates-2025.12.2-hca03da5_0
  libcxx-21.1.8-hb4ce287_0
  libffi-3.4.4-hca03da5_1
  libgfortran5-15.2.0-hb654fa1_1
  libopenblas-0.3.30-hf2bb037_2
  libzlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0
  llvm-openmp-20.1.8-he822017_0
  ncurses-6.5-hee39554_0
  numexpr-2.8.4-py38h79ee842_1
  numpy-1.24.3-py38h1398885_0
  numpy-base-1.24.3-py38h90707a3_0
  openssl-3.0.19-ha0b305a_0
  pandas-2.0.3-py38h46d7db6_0
  pip-24.2-py38hca03da5_0
  python-3.8.20-hb885b13_0
  python-dateutil-2.9.0post0-py38hca03da5_2
  python-tzdata-2025.3-pyhd3eb1b0_0
  pytz-2024.1-py38hca03da5_0
  readline-8.3-h0b18652_0
  setuptools-75.1.0-py38hca03da5_0
  six-1.16.0-pyhd3eb1b0_1
  sqlite-3.51.1-hab6afd1_0
  tk-8.6.15-hcd8a7d5_0
  wheel-0.44.0-py38hca03da5_0
  xz-5.6.4-h80987f9_1
  zlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0


Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Everything found within the environment (/opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv3), including any conda environment configurations and any non-conda files, will be deleted. Do you wish to continue?
 (y/[n])? y

(myenv) ➜  Documents conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /opt/anaconda3
myenv                 *  /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv
myenv1                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv1
myenv2                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv2

5.4 导出和重建环境

5.4.1 在其他机器上共享或重建环境，导出当前激活的环境配置：

(myenv) ➜  Documents conda list --export > environment.txt

(myenv) ➜  Documents ls -lh environment.txt
-rw-r--r--@ 1 fanzhen  staff   509B  1 31 18:57 environment.txt

(myenv) ➜  Documents cat environment.txt
# This file may be used to create an environment using:
# $ conda create --name <env> --file <this file>
# platform: osx-arm64
ca-certificates=2025.12.2=hca03da5_0
libcxx=21.1.8=hb4ce287_0
libffi=3.4.4=hca03da5_1
libzlib=1.3.1=h5f15de7_0
ncurses=6.5=hee39554_0
openssl=3.0.19=ha0b305a_0
pip=24.2=py38hca03da5_0
python=3.8.20=hb885b13_0
readline=8.3=h0b18652_0
setuptools=75.1.0=py38hca03da5_0
sqlite=3.51.1=hab6afd1_0
tk=8.6.15=hcd8a7d5_0
wheel=0.44.0=py38hca03da5_0
xz=5.6.4=h80987f9_1
zlib=1.3.1=h5f15de7_0

在其他机器上，可以使⽤该⽂件重建环境：

conda create --name newenv --file environment.txt

(myenv) ➜  Documents conda create --name newenv --file environment.txt
Channels:
 - defaults
Platform: osx-arm64
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done

## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /opt/anaconda3/envs/newenv

  added / updated specs:
    - ca-certificates==2025.12.2=hca03da5_0
    - libcxx==21.1.8=hb4ce287_0
    - libffi==3.4.4=hca03da5_1
    - libzlib==1.3.1=h5f15de7_0
    - ncurses==6.5=hee39554_0
    - openssl==3.0.19=ha0b305a_0
    - pip==24.2=py38hca03da5_0
    - python==3.8.20=hb885b13_0
    - readline==8.3=h0b18652_0
    - setuptools==75.1.0=py38hca03da5_0
    - sqlite==3.51.1=hab6afd1_0
    - tk==8.6.15=hcd8a7d5_0
    - wheel==0.44.0=py38hca03da5_0
    - xz==5.6.4=h80987f9_1
    - zlib==1.3.1=h5f15de7_0


The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  ca-certificates    pkgs/main/osx-arm64::ca-certificates-2025.12.2-hca03da5_0
  libcxx             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libcxx-21.1.8-hb4ce287_0
  libffi             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libffi-3.4.4-hca03da5_1
  libzlib            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::libzlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0
  ncurses            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::ncurses-6.5-hee39554_0
  openssl            pkgs/main/osx-arm64::openssl-3.0.19-ha0b305a_0
  pip                pkgs/main/osx-arm64::pip-24.2-py38hca03da5_0
  python             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::python-3.8.20-hb885b13_0
  readline           pkgs/main/osx-arm64::readline-8.3-h0b18652_0
  setuptools         pkgs/main/osx-arm64::setuptools-75.1.0-py38hca03da5_0
  sqlite             pkgs/main/osx-arm64::sqlite-3.51.1-hab6afd1_0
  tk                 pkgs/main/osx-arm64::tk-8.6.15-hcd8a7d5_0
  wheel              pkgs/main/osx-arm64::wheel-0.44.0-py38hca03da5_0
  xz                 pkgs/main/osx-arm64::xz-5.6.4-h80987f9_1
  zlib               pkgs/main/osx-arm64::zlib-1.3.1-h5f15de7_0


Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages:

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate newenv
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate


(myenv) ➜  Documents conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /opt/anaconda3
myenv                 *  /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv
myenv1                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv1
myenv2                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/myenv2
newenv                   /opt/anaconda3/envs/newenv

5.4.2 方式二

conda activate trellis # 替换为你要导出的环境名

导出环境配置：
conda env export > environment.yml

重建环境：
conda env create -f environment.yml

6. conda 环境中执⾏ Python 脚本

6.1 激活对应的conda环境然后运⾏脚本

conda activate env1 # 激活 env1 环境
python script1.py # 在 env1 中执⾏ script1.py

conda activate env2 # 激活 env2 环境
python script2.py # 在 env2 中执⾏ script2.py

6.2 在命令⾏中直接指定环境运⾏脚本

conda run -n env1 python script1.py # 在 env1 环境中运⾏ script1.py
conda run -n env2 python script2.py # 在 env2 环境中运⾏ script2.py
conda run -n 310 set PYTHONIOENCODING=utf-8 && python script1.py

conda run conda run 是⼀种⽅便的⼯具，适合在不激活环境的情况下临时运⾏命令，但可能存在兼容性问题，尤其是在
复杂环境或需要额外依赖的情况下。

7. Anaconda在pycharm中的使用

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