本文参考R. Schwindt and Cam Nguyen, "Computer-aided analysis and design of a planar multilayer Marchand balun," in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1429-1434, July 1994, doi: 10.1109/22.299742.
keywords: {Computer aided analysis;Nonhomogeneous media;Impedance matching;Scattering parameters;Microstrip;Coupling circuits;Equations;Circuit synthesis;Gallium arsenide;Monolithic integrated circuits},仅供学习使用

平面多层Marchand巴伦的计算机辅助分析与设计

Randal Schwindt and Cam Nguyen

摘要—首次基于耦合线准TEM正常模态参数,推导出了由宽边耦合微带线构成的平面多层Marchand巴伦的散射(S)参数解析表达式。提出了基于所推导S参数和电路综合技术的巴伦新设计方程和新设计流程。将通过此流程设计的GaAs微波单片集成电路(MMIC)巴伦的计算结果,与通用全波平面分析结果进行了比较,获得了良好的性能和一致性。

I. 引言

 巴伦是许多微波应用中的重要组件。它既用于将非平衡传输线转换为平衡传输线,也用于在各种平衡组件(如混频器、放大器、倍频器、振荡器、检波器等)中实现平衡特性。1944年,Marchand提出了一种由同轴传输线构成的巴伦设计,该传输线支持真TEM模[1]。这或许是首个被报道的巴伦。最近,针对微波集成电路(MIC)和微波单片集成电路(MMIC)应用的宽带、紧凑型平面巴伦的开发兴趣稳步增长。Pavio和Kikel采用平面宽边耦合传输线改进了Marchand的设计,用于MIC和MMIC,但未提出定量分析或设计技术[2]。Tsai和Gupta[3]基于Tripathi的准TEM分析[4],使用两耦合线段的等效电路模型,对Pavio版本的Marchand巴伦进行了分析和设计流程介绍,并给出了原始Marchand巴伦[5]四阶版本的设计曲线。

 在这篇短文中,我们提出了一种用于多层平面Marchand巴伦的新且高效的分析与设计流程。我们的方法包括两个步骤。首先,我们推导出巴伦广义散射(S)参数关于耦合线准TEM模态参数的解析表达式,同时考虑了c模和π\piπ模的不同相速。其次,我们基于电路综合技术和获得的S参数(假设相速度相等)推导出巴伦的设计方程。然后提出了一种系统化的设计流程,其中巴伦参数通过数值最佳拟合推导出的设计方程获得。该设计流程(假设相速度相等)对于在均匀介质中实现的巴伦是精确的。

 当前,设计此类平面Marchand巴伦通常使用的流程涉及大量试错,需借助全波分析程序,且缺乏良好的初始设计信息;需要尝试不同的巴伦尺寸,直到找到所需的性能。如果初始设计不佳,这种蛮力过程可能相当低效。我们针对平面Marchand巴伦的新分析与设计流程将通过更准确、更快速地生成初始设计,极大地提高设计流程的准确性和效率。由于理论忽略了电路物理实现和布局中引入的一些不连续性和耦合,可能仍然需要全波分析进行优化,但设计流程和设计时间应能得到显著改善。

 该新设计流程已用于设计一个将在MMIC技术中实现的巴伦,其预测性能与全波分析计算结果吻合良好。这种一致性证实了理论和设计流程的有效性和实用性。

II. 巴伦散射参数

 图1(a)展示了两耦合线结构的端口编号约定,以及本文所讨论的平面Marchand巴伦的互连和端口编号约定。假设线1是图1(b)所示宽边耦合微带线结构中的上层带状线。巴伦S参数的推导如下:
在这里插入图片描述

图1. 平面Marchand巴伦的互连与端口编号约定(a)及所采用的宽边耦合微带线结构(b)。

S11=1Δ1AΔS[ΔS[−2Z01RcARπA+cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπA⋅[2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2−RcARπA−RπARcA)]+sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA2+ZπAZcARπA2)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2−Z01Z02ZcA)+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2−Z01Z02ZπA)]−2Z01Δ1B[cos⁡θcA(1−RcA/RπA)Z02+cos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sin⁡θcA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2]]2]. \begin{aligned} S_{11}= & \frac{1}{\Delta_{1A}\Delta_{S}}\left[\Delta_{S}\left[-2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}+\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\right.\right. \\ & \cdot\left[2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}+Z_{02}\left(2-\frac{R_{cA}}{R_{\pi A}}-\frac{R_{\pi A}}{R_{cA}}\right)\right] \\ & +\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}^{2}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right) \\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)\left(Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}-\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{cA}}\right)\right. \\ & \left.+\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)\left(Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}-\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{\pi A}}\right)\right] \\ & -2Z_{01}\Delta_{1B}\left[\cos\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{02}\right. \\ & \left.+\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{02}\right. \\ & \left.+j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}\right.\right. \\ & \left.\left.\left.+\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right]\right]^{2}\right]. \end{aligned} S11=Δ1AΔS1[ΔS[2Z01RcARπA+cosθcAcosθπA[2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2RπARcARcARπA)]+sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA2+ZcAZπARπA2)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2ZcAZ01Z02)+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2ZπAZ01Z02)]2Z01Δ1B[cosθcA(1RcA/RπA)Z02+cosθπA(1RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sinθcA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2]]2].

S12=S21=1Δ1AΔS2Z01Z02[Δs[cos⁡θcA(1−RcA/RπA)RπA+cos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)RcA]−Δ1B[cos⁡θcA(1−RcA/RπA)Z02+cos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sin⁡θcA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2]]⋅[Z01(RcA+RπA)−cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπAZ01(RcA+RπA)−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA+ZπAZcARπA)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA]] \begin{aligned} S_{12}= & S_{21} \\ = & \frac{1}{\Delta_{1A}\Delta_{S}}2\sqrt{Z_{01}Z_{02}}\left[\Delta_{s}\left[\cos\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)R_{\pi A}\right.\right. \\ & \left.+\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)R_{cA}\right] \\ & -\Delta_{1B}\left[\cos\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{02}\right. \\ & \left.+\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{02}\right. \\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}\right. \\ & \left.\left.+\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right]\right] \\ & \cdot\left[Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)-\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)\right. \\ & -\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}\right) \\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}\right. \\ & \left.\left.+\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}\right]\right] \end{aligned} S12==S21Δ1AΔS12Z01Z02 [Δs[cosθcA(1RcA/RπA)RπA+cosθπA(1RπA/RcA)RcA]Δ1B[cosθcA(1RcA/RπA)Z02+cosθπA(1RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sinθcA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2]][Z01(RcA+RπA)cosθcAcosθπAZ01(RcA+RπA)sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA+ZcAZπARπA)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA]]

S13=S31=1ΔS2Z01Z03[cos⁡θcA(1−RcA/RπA)Z02+cos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sin⁡θcA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2]⋅[(RcB+RπB)−cos⁡θcBcos⁡θπB(RcB+RπB)−sin⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(ZcBZπBRcB+ZπBZcBRπB)]. \begin{aligned} S_{13}= &S_{31}=\frac{1}{\Delta_{S}}2\sqrt{Z_{01}Z_{03}}\left[\cos\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{02}\right.\\ & +\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{02}\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}\right.\\ &\left.+\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right]\\ &\cdot\left[\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)-\cos\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)\right.\\ &\left.-\sin\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(\frac{Z_{cB}}{Z_{\pi B}}R_{cB}+\frac{Z_{\pi B}}{Z_{cB}}R_{\pi B}\right)\right]. \end{aligned} S13=S31=ΔS12Z01Z03 [cosθcA(1RcA/RπA)Z02+cosθπA(1RπA/RcA)Z02+j[sinθcA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA2+sinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA2][(RcB+RπB)cosθcBcosθπB(RcB+RπB)sinθcBsinθπB(ZπBZcBRcB+ZcBZπBRπB)].

S22=1Δ1AΔS[ΔS[2Z01RcARπA−cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπA⋅[2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2−RcARπA−RπARcA)]−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA2+ZπAZcARπA2)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2−Z01Z02ZcA)+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2−Z01Z02ZπA)]−2Z02Δ1B[Z01(RcA+RπA)−cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπAZ01(RcA+RπA)−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA+ZπAZcARπA)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA]]2. \begin{aligned} S_{22}= &\frac{1}{\Delta_{1A}\Delta_{S}}\left[\Delta_{S}\left[2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}-\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\right.\right.\\ &\cdot\left[2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}+Z_{02}\left(2-\frac{R_{cA}}{R_{\pi A}}-\frac{R_{\pi A}}{R_{cA}}\right)\right]\\ & -\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}^{2}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right)\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)\left(Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}-\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{cA}}\right)\right.\\ &\left.+\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)\left(Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}-\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{\pi A}}\right)\right]\\ & -2Z_{02}\Delta_{1B}\left[Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)\right.\\ & -\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)\\ & -\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}\right)\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}\right.\\ &\left.\left.+\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}\right]\right]^{2}. \end{aligned} S22=Δ1AΔS1[ΔS[2Z01RcARπAcosθcAcosθπA[2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2RπARcARcARπA)]sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA2+ZcAZπARπA2)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2ZcAZ01Z02)+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2ZπAZ01Z02)]2Z02Δ1B[Z01(RcA+RπA)cosθcAcosθπAZ01(RcA+RπA)sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA+ZcAZπARπA)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA]]2.

S23=S32=1ΔS2Z02Z03[Z01(RcA+RπA)−cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπAZ01(RcA+RπA)−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA+ZπAZcARπA)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)ZπARπA⋅[(RcB+RπB)−cos⁡θcBcos⁡θπB(RcB+RπB)−sin⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(ZcBZπBRcB+ZπBZcBRπB)]. \begin{array}{l} S_{23}=S_{32}=\frac{1}{\Delta_{S}}2\sqrt{Z_{02}Z_{03}}\left[Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)\right.\\ -\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(R_{cA}+R_{\pi A}\right)\\ -\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}\right)\\ +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)Z_{cA}R_{cA}\right.\\ +\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}\\ \cdot\left[\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)-\cos\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)\right.\\ -\sin\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(\frac{Z_{cB}}{Z_{\pi B}}R_{cB}+\frac{Z_{\pi B}}{Z_{cB}}R_{\pi B}\right)]. \end{array} S23=S32=ΔS12Z02Z03 [Z01(RcA+RπA)cosθcAcosθπAZ01(RcA+RπA)sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA+ZcAZπARπA)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)ZcARcA+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)ZπARπA[(RcB+RπB)cosθcBcosθπB(RcB+RπB)sinθcBsinθπB(ZπBZcBRcB+ZcBZπBRπB)].

S33=1Δ1BΔS[ΔSΔ1B∗−2Z03Δ1A[(RcB+RπB)−cos⁡θcBcos⁡θπB(RcB+RπB)−sin⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(ZcBZπBRcB+ZπBZcBRπB)]2] S_{33}=\frac{1}{\Delta_{1B}\Delta_{S}}\left[\Delta_{S}\Delta_{1B}^{*}-2Z_{03}\Delta_{1A}\left[\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)\right.\right.\\ -\cos\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}\left(R_{cB}+R_{\pi B}\right)\\ \left.\left.-\sin\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(\frac{Z_{cB}}{Z_{\pi B}}R_{cB}+\frac{Z_{\pi B}}{Z_{cB}}R_{\pi B}\right)\right]^{2}\right] S33=Δ1BΔS1[ΔSΔ1B2Z03Δ1A[(RcB+RπB)cosθcBcosθπB(RcB+RπB)sinθcBsinθπB(ZπBZcBRcB+ZcBZπBRπB)]2]

ΔS=Δ1AΔ2B−Δ1BΔ2A. \Delta_{S}=\Delta_{1A}\Delta_{2B}-\Delta_{1B}\Delta_{2A}. ΔS=Δ1AΔ2BΔ1BΔ2A.

Δ1A=2Z01RcARπA+cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπA⋅[−2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2−RcARπA−RπARcA)]−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπAZ01(ZcAZπARcA2+ZπAZcARπA2)+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2+Z01Z02ZcA)+cos⁡θcAsin⁡θπA(1−RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2+Z01Z02ZπA)]. \begin{aligned} \Delta_{1A}=&2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}+\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\\ &\cdot\left[-2Z_{01}R_{cA}R_{\pi A}+Z_{02}\left(2-\frac{R_{cA}}{R_{\pi A}}-\frac{R_{\pi A}}{R_{cA}}\right)\right]\\ &-\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}R_{cA}^{2}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}R_{\pi A}^{2}\right)\\ &+j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)\left(Z_{cA}R_{cA}^{2}+\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{cA}}\right)\right.\\ &\left.+\cos\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)\left(Z_{\pi A}R_{\pi A}^{2}+\frac{Z_{01}Z_{02}}{Z_{\pi A}}\right)\right]. \end{aligned} Δ1A=2Z01RcARπA+cosθcAcosθπA[2Z01RcARπA+Z02(2RπARcARcARπA)]sinθcAsinθπAZ01(ZπAZcARcA2+ZcAZπARπA2)+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)(ZcARcA2+ZcAZ01Z02)+cosθcAsinθπA(1RcA/RπA)(ZπARπA2+ZπAZ01Z02)].

Δ2A=2Z01Z02−cos⁡θcAcos⁡θπAZ01Z02(RcARπA+RπARcA)−sin⁡θcAsin⁡θπA[ZcAZπA(RcA−RπA)2+Z01Z02(ZcAZπA+ZπAZcA)]+j[sin⁡θcAcos⁡θπA(1−RπA/RcA)(Z01RcA2+Z02)ZcA+cos⁡θcsin⁡θπ(1−RcA/RπA)(Z01RπA2+Z02)ZπA]. \begin{aligned} \Delta_{2A}=&2Z_{01}Z_{02}-\cos\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}Z_{01}Z_{02}\left(\frac{R_{cA}}{R_{\pi A}}+\frac{R_{\pi A}}{R_{cA}}\right)\\ & -\sin\theta_{cA}\sin\theta_{\pi A}\left[Z_{cA}Z_{\pi A}\left(R_{cA}-R_{\pi A}\right)^{2}\right.\\ &\left.+Z_{01}Z_{02}\left(\frac{Z_{cA}}{Z_{\pi A}}+\frac{Z_{\pi A}}{Z_{cA}}\right)\right]\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cA}\cos\theta_{\pi A}\left(1-R_{\pi A}/R_{cA}\right)\left(Z_{01}R_{cA}^{2}+Z_{02}\right)Z_{cA}\right.\\ &\left.+\cos\theta_{c}\sin\theta_{\pi}\left(1-R_{cA}/R_{\pi A}\right)\left(Z_{01}R_{\pi A}^{2}+Z_{02}\right)Z_{\pi A}\right]. \end{aligned} Δ2A=2Z01Z02cosθcAcosθπAZ01Z02(RπARcA+RcARπA)sinθcAsinθπA[ZcAZπA(RcARπA)2+Z01Z02(ZπAZcA+ZcAZπA)]+j[sinθcAcosθπA(1RπA/RcA)(Z01RcA2+Z02)ZcA+cosθcsinθπ(1RcA/RπA)(Z01RπA2+Z02)ZπA].

Δ1B=2RcBRπB−cos⁡θcBcos⁡θπB2RcBRπB−sin⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(ZcBZπBRcB2+ZπBZcBRπB2)+j[sin⁡θcBcos⁡θπB(1−RπB/RcB)Z03ZcB+cos⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(1−RcB/RπB)Z03ZπB]. \begin{aligned} \Delta_{1B}=&2R_{cB}R_{\pi B}-\cos\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}2R_{cB}R_{\pi B}\\ & -\sin\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(\frac{Z_{cB}}{Z_{\pi B}}R_{cB}^{2}+\frac{Z_{\pi B}}{Z_{cB}}R_{\pi B}^{2}\right)\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}\left(1-R_{\pi B}/R_{cB}\right)\frac{Z_{03}}{Z_{cB}}\right.\\ &\left.+\cos\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(1-R_{cB}/R_{\pi B}\right)\frac{Z_{03}}{Z_{\pi B}}\right]. \end{aligned} Δ1B=2RcBRπBcosθcBcosθπB2RcBRπBsinθcBsinθπB(ZπBZcBRcB2+ZcBZπBRπB2)+j[sinθcBcosθπB(1RπB/RcB)ZcBZ03+cosθcBsinθπB(1RcB/RπB)ZπBZ03].

Δ2B=2Z03−cos⁡θcBcos⁡θπBZ03(RcBRπB+RπBRcB)−sin⁡θcBsin⁡θπBZ03(ZcBZπB+ZπBZcB)+j[sin⁡θcBcos⁡θπB(1−RπB/RcB)ZcBRcB2+cos⁡θcBsin⁡θπB(1−RcB/RπB)ZπBRπB2]. \begin{aligned} \Delta_{2B}=&2Z_{03}-\cos\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}Z_{03}\left(\frac{R_{cB}}{R_{\pi B}}+\frac{R_{\pi B}}{R_{cB}}\right)\\ & -\sin\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}Z_{03}\left(\frac{Z_{cB}}{Z_{\pi B}}+\frac{Z_{\pi B}}{Z_{cB}}\right)\\ & +j\left[\sin\theta_{cB}\cos\theta_{\pi B}\left(1-R_{\pi B}/R_{cB}\right)Z_{cB}R_{cB}^{2}\right.\\ &\left.+\cos\theta_{cB}\sin\theta_{\pi B}\left(1-R_{cB}/R_{\pi B}\right)Z_{\pi B}R_{\pi B}^{2}\right]. \end{aligned} Δ2B=2Z03cosθcBcosθπBZ03(RπBRcB+RcBRπB)sinθcBsinθπBZ03(ZπBZcB+ZcBZπB)+j[sinθcBcosθπB(1RπB/RcB)ZcBRcB2+cosθcBsinθπB(1RcB/RπB)ZπBRπB2].

 在上述表达式中,所有模态特性阻抗均已用两条正常模(称为c模和π\piπ模)的线1模态阻抗ZcZ_{c}ZcZπZ_{\pi}Zπ表示。RcR_{c}Rc(RπR_{\pi}Rπ)表示线2上c模(π\piπ模)电压幅度与线1上c模(π\piπ模)电压幅度之比θc\theta_{c}θcθπ\theta_{\pi}θπ分别是c模和π\piπ模的线电长度。c模和π\piπ模的模态特性阻抗、电压比和相速公式在[6]和[7]中给出。Z0i(i=1,2,3)Z_{0i}(i=1,2,3)Z0i(i=1,2,3)是端口i的终端阻抗。下标A和B分别表示A段和B段。

Logo

DAMO开发者矩阵,由阿里巴巴达摩院和中国互联网协会联合发起,致力于探讨最前沿的技术趋势与应用成果,搭建高质量的交流与分享平台,推动技术创新与产业应用链接,围绕“人工智能与新型计算”构建开放共享的开发者生态。

更多推荐