• 行列式是一个数值,虽然形式上看起来比较复杂,比较不象数值;
    • 将行列式可以转化为加减乘除的四则运算,同样也可以将四则运算转换为行列式的形式,这样转化的好处在什么呢,利用行列式的性质对其进行快速计算;

1. 三阶行列式的计算


这里写图片描述

2. 雅克比行列式到极坐标

从Jacobian矩阵、Hessian矩阵到Theano实现
雅可比行列式在积分坐标变换中的应用

Jn=(y1,y2,,yn)(x1,x2,,xn)=f1x1f2x1fnx1f1x2f2x2fnx2f1xnf2xnfnxn
<script type="math/tex; mode=display" id="MathJax-Element-1"> J_n=\frac{\partial (y_1,y_2,\ldots,y_n)}{\partial(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)}=\begin{vmatrix} \frac{\partial f_1}{\partial x_1}&\frac{\partial f_1}{\partial x_2}&\cdots&\frac{\partial f_1}{\partial x_n}\\ \frac{\partial f_2}{\partial x_1}&\frac{\partial f_2}{\partial x_2}&\cdots&\frac{\partial f_2}{\partial x_n} \\ \cdots&\cdots&\cdots&\cdots\\ \frac{\partial f_n}{\partial x_1}&\frac{\partial f_n}{\partial x_2}&\cdots&\frac{\partial f_n}{\partial x_n} \end{vmatrix} </script>

  • 雅克比行列式的每一行表示多元函数关于各个成员的偏导数

对于二重积分而言,设极坐标变换 x=ρcosθ,y=ρsinθ <script type="math/tex" id="MathJax-Element-2">x=\rho \cos\theta,y=\rho \sin\theta</script>,则其二阶行列式为:

cosθsinθρsinθρcosθ=ρ
<script type="math/tex; mode=display" id="MathJax-Element-3"> \begin{vmatrix} \cos\theta & -\rho\sin\theta\\ \sin\theta&\rho\cos\theta \end{vmatrix}=\rho </script>

所以在积分运算中,便存在如下的变换形式:

Dxyf(x,y)dxdy=Dρ,θf[ρcosθ,ρsinθ]ρdρdθ
<script type="math/tex; mode=display" id="MathJax-Element-4"> \int\int_{D_{xy}}f(x,y)dxdy = \int\int_{D_{\rho,\theta}}f\left[\rho\cos\theta,\rho\sin\theta\right]\rho d\rho d\theta </script>

4. 计算

化简如下的表达式:

y=sin2xsin2ysin2z+sin(x+y)sin(y+z)sin(x+z)+sin(x+z)sin(y+z)sin(y+x)sin(y+x)sin2zsin(x+y)sin(y+z)sin(z+y)sin2xsin(z+x)sin(x+z)sin2y
<script type="math/tex; mode=display" id="MathJax-Element-76"> \begin{split} y=&\sin 2x\sin 2y\sin 2z+\sin(x+y)\sin(y+z)\sin(x+z)+\\ &\sin(x+z)\sin(y+z)\sin(y+x)-\sin(y+x)\sin2z\sin(x+y)-\\ &\sin(y+z)\sin(z+y)\sin 2x-\sin(z+x)\sin(x+z)\sin2y \end{split} </script>

将其转化为行列式形式:

y==sin2xsin(y+x)sin(z+x)sin(x+y)sin2ysin(z+y)sin(x+z)sin(y+z)sin2zsinxcosx+sinxcosxsinycosx+sinxcosysinzcosx+sinxcoszsinxcosy+sinycosxsinycosy+sinycosysinzcosy+sinycoszsinxcosz+sinzcosxsinycosz+sinzcosysinzcosz+sinzcosz
<script type="math/tex; mode=display" id="MathJax-Element-221"> \begin{split} y=&\begin{vmatrix} \sin2x&\sin(x+y)&\sin(x+z)\\ \sin(y+x)&\sin2y&\sin(y+z)\\ \sin(z+x)&\sin(z+y)&\sin2z \end{vmatrix}\\ =&\begin{vmatrix}\\ \sin x\cos x+\sin x\cos x&\sin x\cos y+\sin y\cos x&\sin x\cos z+\sin z\cos x\\ \sin y\cos x+\sin x\cos y&\sin y\cos y+\sin y\cos y&\sin y\cos z+\sin z\cos y\\ \sin z\cos x+\sin x\cos z&\sin z\cos y+\sin y\cos z&\sin z\cos z+\sin z\cos z \end{vmatrix} \end{split} </script>

然后将行列式(两个方阵和的行列式)拆分为 6 个小行列式,其结果是十分清晰的,那就是 0.

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